Boller & Chivens CCD Spectrograph (CCDS)
The Boller and Chivens CCD Spectrograph (CCDS) is a conventional optical grating spectrograph operating in the 320-950nm region. It is used on the MDM Observatory 2.4-m and 1.3-m telescopes as a facility instrument. It was acquired by the Ohio State University through a grant from the National Science Foundation in 1970 for stellar spectral classification programs and was used for 28 years (1970-1998) on the Perkins 1.8-m telescope on Anderson Mesa in Arizona, starting out as a photographic spectrograph, then progressively upgraded first with an intensified image tube camera, and then in 1986 to use its first CCD. It was moved to MDM in 1999 after a final CCD retrofit where it is still in operation with a long and productive history.
Instrument Specification
- Project type: Facility Instrument - single-object grating spectrometer
- Wavelength: 320-950nm
- Resolution: 5 gratings: R=500 up to 9000
- Field of View: 1 arcminute, adjustable long slit.
- Mode/Modes: seeing-limited low/mid resolution long-slit spectroscopy
- Primary science: stellar, nebular, galactic, extragalactic, solar system
- Telescope: 1.8m Perkins (Lowell 1970-1998), MDM 2.4m and 1.3m (1999-present)
- Years active: 1970-present
Instrument Facts
- Started out as a photographic spectrograph for stellar classification
- Retrofit for an intesified image-tube (aka vidicon) detector in 1982
- First retrofit for a CCD in 1986, then progressively upgraded to a 1200x800 CCD in 1999
- Was the key instrument in the AGN Watch campaigns that established the reverberation mapping technique used to measure black hole masses in AGN.
- Most recent upgrade added an SBIG CCD slit viewing camera that can acquire targets as faint as 20mag on the 1.3m telescope.
Instrument Team
Brad Peterson (OSU PI)
Paul Byard (Optical Designer)
Bruce Atwood (CCD detectors)
Tom O'Brien (Mechanical Engineer)
Mark Derwent (Mechanical Engineer)
Jerry Mason (Software Systems Developers/Engineer)
Daniel Pappalardo (Electrical Engineer)
Richard Pogge (MDM data acquisition system)
Ed Teiga (Electronics Technician)
S. Ralph Belville (Design Engineer)
Dave Brewer (Senior Instrument Maker)
Dave Steinbrecher (Senior Instrument Maker)
Jennifer Marshall (Graduate Student - CCD slit viewer)