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Buckeye 12-position Filter Wheels

Buckeye 12-position Filter Wheels

The first OSU 12-position filter wheel was developed for the Y4KCam project to equip the CTIO Yale 1m telescope for the SMARTS consortium.  Built in 2003, it was based on a radially-loaded cartridge-type 8-position filter wheel built to prototype mechanisms for the the MODS spectrographs for the LBT.  The first 12-position filter wheel was a student-led project that was deployed to CTIO Yale 1m telescope in 2004 and saw service until the Y4KCam system was retired in 2019.  This first filter wheel had a red-anodized electronics box cover that was decorated with a decal of OSU's athletic mascot Brutus Buckeye, and so it was thenceforth known as the "Buckeye Filter Wheel".

The success of the first filter wheel led to us building 2 more iterations for the MDM observatory: the first for the 1.3m telescope in 2007 and the second for the 2.4m Hitlner telescope in 2008.  They were intended to replace the aging and rapidly failing facility filter wheels on the MDM Multi-Instrument System (MIS) focal plane "top boxes" that all instruments at MDM use. Both remain in service to this date.  

All of the Buckeye filter wheels also gave us the opportunity to introduce new technologies to our instrument designs: use of turntable bearings, development/improvement of roller-detent kinematic docking systems, ethernet-addressable motor controllers, and inductive proximity sensors to replace physical microswitches.  Lessons learned from building these filter wheels led directly to improved wheel-type mechanisms for filter, slit, and disperser selection that were critical to the success of the later OSMOS, KOSMOS, and COSMOS spectrographs.  While humble filter wheels, they exemplify our doctrine of relentless prototyping and evolution of proven designs, and are milestones in our deep engineering heritage at the ISL.

The original Buckeye filter wheel was repatriated to OSU in 2020 after its retirement at CTIO, and it is being extensively upgraded to use new motor controllers and hardware drawing on our experience building the DESI unit spectrograph components, and in the spirit of the original, the upgrade was a student-led project.

Instrument Specification

  • Project type: Instrument subsystem - filter wheel
  • Number of Positions: 12
  • Filter Format: 4-inch square mounted radially in removable cartridges
  • Setting Time: 2 seconds per position
  • Docking repeatability: 2-3 microns
  • Telescopes: CTIO Yale 1-m (SMARTS), MDM 1.3m, MDM 2.4m
  • Years active: 2004 - present

Instrument Facts

  • The first Buckeye filter wheel was integrated and tested by graduate students Juna Kollmeier and Jennifer Marshall
  • The third Buckeye filter wheel for the MDM 2.4m was led by graduate student Rebecca Stoll.
  • The filter wheels marked our first deployment of ethernet-addressed serial port servers found in many later instruments.
  • Based on a prototype filter wheel for MODS, lessons learned from the first directly contributed to the flight units built for MODS1 and MODS2
  • The first filter wheel returned to OSU in 2020, but was not restarted until 2022 because of the pandemic.  It worked first time after travelling to Chile and back near its 18th anniversary of deployment.

Instrument Team

Darren DePoy (PI)
Mark Derwent (lead mechanical engineer)
Juna Kollmeier (grad student, filter wheel 1)
Jennifer Marshall (grad student, filter wheel 1 and 2)
Rebecca Stoll (grad student, filter wheel 3)
Jacob McCloskey (undergraduate, filter wheel 3 renovation)
Richard Pogge (control systems)
Tom O'Brien (mechanical Engineer)
Mike Engelman (mechanical Engineer)
Dan Pappalardo (electronics engineer)
Dave Brewer (​​​​​​​Senior Instrument Maker)
Dave Steinbrecher ​(Senior Instrument Maker)